#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <exception>

using namespace std;

class BaseSquareT {
   public:
      BaseSquareT(int cost=10):
         travelCost{cost} {};

      virtual ~BaseSquareT() = default;

      virtual string Description() const {
         return "An empty and unremakable land";
      }

      virtual int Cost() const {
         return travelCost;
      }
   protected:
      int travelCost; 
};

class RoadSquareT: public BaseSquareT {
   public:
      RoadSquareT(int cost=5, int toll=100):
          BaseSquareT{cost}, 
          tollPrice{toll/**travelCost*/}  
      {
         //cout << "My parent's travel cost is " << travelCost << endl;
      };

      string Description() const override {
          //cout << "My parent is " << BaseSquareT::Description() << endl;
          return "A well maintained road";
      }

      virtual int Toll() const {
         return tollPrice;
      }

   protected:
      int tollPrice;
};

void BadPrint(BaseSquareT square);
void BetterPrint(const BaseSquareT & square);
void GoodPrint(const BaseSquareT * square);

int main() {

    BaseSquareT base; 

    cout << "Base Informaion " << endl;
    cout << "\tMovement Cost: " << base.Cost() << endl;
    cout << "\t" << base.Description() << endl;

    cout << endl << endl;
    RoadSquareT road;

    cout << "Road Informaion " << endl;
    cout << "\tMovement Cost: " << road.Cost() << endl;
    cout << "\t" << road.Description() << endl;
    cout << "\tToll Cost: " << road.Toll() << endl;

    cout << endl << endl;
    cout << "--------------------------------" << endl;

    cout << "The bad print function" << endl;
    cout << "Base" << endl;
    BadPrint(base);

    cout << "Road" << endl;
    BadPrint(road);

    cout << endl << endl;
    cout << "--------------------------------" << endl;

    cout << "The better print function" << endl;
    cout << "Base" << endl;
    BetterPrint(base);

    cout << "Road" << endl;
    BetterPrint(road);
    cout << endl << endl;
    cout << "--------------------------------" << endl;

    cout << "The good print function" << endl;
    cout << "Base" << endl;
    GoodPrint(&base);

    cout << "Road" << endl;
    GoodPrint(&road);

    return 0;
}

void BadPrint(BaseSquareT square){
    cout << "You enter a square with the bad print function"  << endl;
    cout << "\tMovement Cost: " << square.Cost() << endl;
    cout << "\t" << square.Description() << endl;
}

void BetterPrint(const BaseSquareT & square){
    cout << "You enter a square with the better print function"  << endl;
    cout << "\tMovement Cost: " << square.Cost() << endl;
    cout << "\t" << square.Description() << endl;
    try {
         const RoadSquareT & road = dynamic_cast<const RoadSquareT &>(square);
         cout << "\tToll Cost: " << road.Toll() << endl;
    } catch (bad_cast & b) {
         
    }
}

void GoodPrint(const BaseSquareT * square){
    const RoadSquareT * tmpRoad;

    cout << "You enter a square with the good print function"  << endl;
    cout << "\tMovement Cost: " << square->Cost() << endl;
    cout << "\t" << square->Description() << endl;
    if (nullptr != (tmpRoad = dynamic_cast<const RoadSquareT *>(square))) {
        cout << "\tToll Cost: " << tmpRoad->Toll() << endl;
    }
}