#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void PrintBits(char letter) ;
int GetBit(char * number, int bit); 
void PrintSign(char number[]) ;
int GetAndPrintExponent(char number[]);
void PrintBit(int bit);
void PrintMagnitude(char number[], int exp);
void PrintDenormal(char number[]);

void PrintNumber(float x);

int main(int argc, char * argv[])  {
   float x {numeric_limits<float>::denorm_min()};
   PrintNumber(x);

   x = numeric_limits<float>::max();
   PrintNumber(x);

   x = NAN;
   PrintNumber(x);

   while(1) {
      cout << endl << endl;
      cout << "Enter a number => ";
      cin >> x;
      PrintNumber(x);
   }

   return 0;
}


void PrintNumber(float x) {

   cout << "*************************************************" << endl;
   char * number;
   number = reinterpret_cast<char *>(&x);

   cout << endl;
   cout << "The number is: "  << x << endl;
   cout << endl;

   cout << "The Bit Pattern in Memory is: ";
   for(int i = 31; i >= 0; --i) {
     cout << GetBit(number, i);
   }
   cout << endl << endl;

   cout << "The sign " << endl;
   PrintSign(number);
   cout << endl;

   cout << "The Exponenet" << endl;
   int exp = GetAndPrintExponent(number);
   cout << endl;
  
   cout << "The Magnitude" << endl;
   if (exp == -127) {
       PrintDenormal(number);
   } else {
       PrintMagnitude(number, exp);
   }
   cout << endl;
}

int GetAndPrintExponent(char number[]){
   int value {0};
   cout << "\tThe bit pattern is: "; 
   for (int i = 30; i >= 23; --i) {
      int bit = GetBit(number, i);
      PrintBit(bit);
      value = value * 2 + bit;
   }
   cout << endl;
   cout << "\tThe base exponent is: " << value << endl;
   cout << "\tThe actual exponent is: " << value-127 << endl;

   return value - 127;
}

void PrintSign(char number[]) {
   int bit = GetBit(number, 31);
   cout << "\tThe bit is : " << bit << endl;
   cout << "\tThe sign is: " ;
   if (bit == 0) {
      cout << "+";
   }  else {
      cout << "-";
   }
   cout << endl;
}

void PrintMagnitude(char number[], int exp) {
  float value = 1;
  float divide = .5;
  cout << "\tThe pattern is: " ;
  for(int i = 22; i >= 0; --i) {
     int bit  = GetBit(number, i) ;
     PrintBit(bit);
     value += bit*divide;
     divide /= 2;
  }

  value *= pow(2, exp);
  cout << endl;
  cout << "\tThe value is: " << value << endl;
}

void PrintDenormal(char number[]){
  float value = 0;
  float divide = .5;
  int exp = -126;
  cout << "\tThis is a denormal or subnormal value" << endl;
  cout << "\tThe pattern is: " ;
  for(int i = 22; i >= 0; --i) {
     int bit  = GetBit(number, i) ;
     PrintBit(bit);
     value += bit*divide;
     divide /= 2;
  }

  value *= pow(2, exp);
  cout << endl;
  cout << "\tThe value is: " << value << endl;
}


void PrintBit(int bit) {
   if (bit == 0)  {
      cout << "0";
   } else {
      cout << "1";
   }
}

int GetBit(char  number[], int bit) {
    int place = bit / 8 ;
    int power = bit % 8;
    //cout << bit << " " << place << " " << power << endl;
    if(number [place] & 1<< power) {
      return 1;
    } else {
      return 0;
    }
}

void PrintBits(char letter) {

      for(int base = 7; base >= 0; --base){
         if (1 << base & letter ) {
           cout << 1;
         } else {
           cout << 0;
         }
      }

      cout << " ";
}